Skin Conditions Archives - Page 2 of 3

Alopecia

What is Alopecia?

Alopecia is a general term for hair loss. It can have different causes and types, such as autoimmune, genetic, or mechanical. Alopecia can affect the scalp or other parts of the body.

What are the signs and symptoms of Alopecia?

Gradual thinning of the hair on the top of the head. This is the most common type of hair loss, affecting people as they age. It may affect men or women differently. Patchy or circular bald spots on the scalp, beard, eyebrows, or eyelashes. This may indicate alopecia areata, an autoimmune condition that causes hair loss in small areas. The skin may be itchy or painful before the hair falls out. Sudden loosening of hair due to physical or emotional stress. This may cause overall hair thinning or hair loss in large clumps. Full-body hair loss due to certain medical treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The hair usually grows back after the treatment is over. Scaling, redness, swelling, or oozing on the scalp. This may indicate a fungal infection, such as ringworm, or a skin condition, such as psoriasis or seborrheic dermatitis.

What are the causes of Alopecia?

The causes of alopecia may vary depending on the type and cause of hair loss. Some common causes are:

Autoimmune disease: This is when the immune system mistakenly attacks the hair follicles, causing hair loss in patches or all over the body. This is the cause of alopecia areata, which may be triggered by stress, illness, or genetic factors.
Genetic and hormonal factors: This is when the hair follicles are affected by inherited genes or changes in hormones, such as during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause. This is the cause of androgenetic alopecia, also known as male or female pattern hair loss.
Excessive pulling or tension on the hair: This is when the hair is damaged by hairstyles that pull the hair too tight, such as braids, cornrows, or extensions. This can lead to inflammation and scarring of the scalp, causing permanent hair loss. This is the cause of traction alopecia.
Medical treatments or conditions: This is when the hair is affected by drugs, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, that cause hair loss as a side effect. The hair usually grows back after the treatment is over. Other medical conditions that can cause hair loss include thyroid disease, iron deficiency, fungal infections, or skin diseases.

What treatments are available at the dermatologist for Alopecia?

Corticosteroid injections: This is a common treatment for alopecia areata, an autoimmune condition that causes patchy hair loss. The dermatologist injects a medication into the bald areas to suppress the immune system and stimulate hair growth.
Minoxidil: This is an over-the-counter medication that comes in liquid, foam, or shampoo forms. It can help slow down or stop hair loss and promote hair regrowth.
Finasteride: This is a prescription medication for men with androgenetic alopecia, also known as male pattern hair loss. It works by blocking the hormone that causes hair follicles to shrink and stop producing hair
Hair transplantation: This is a surgical procedure that involves moving hair follicles from one part of the scalp to another where there is hair loss. It can be used to treat various types of alopecia, such as androgenetic alopecia, traction alopecia, or scarring alopecia.
Laser therapy: This is a noninvasive treatment that uses low-level laser light to stimulate blood flow and cellular activity in the scalp. It can help improve hair density and quality in people with androgenetic alopecia or alopecia areata.

young-woman-is-upset-because-hair-loss-alopecia

What are the different types of Alopecia and how are they diagnosed?

Alopecia is a general term for hair loss. There are different types of alopecia, such as androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, traction alopecia, and cicatricial alopecia. They are diagnosed by a dermatologist through a physical examination and medical history. Sometimes, a biopsy or other tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other causes of hair loss.

FAQ About Alopecia

What are the treatment options and home remedies for alopecia?

Some possible treatment options and home remedies for alopecia are Medications,Surgery,Laser therapy & Some natural or herbal remedies may help improve the health of the scalp and hair

What are some tips to prevent or reduce hair loss?

Avoid hairstyles that pull the hair too tight, Use gentle hair products and avoid harsh chemicals, Wash and condition your hair regularly, Dry your hair gently and avoid excessive heat styling, Eat a balanced diet and take supplements if needed & Manage your stress levels and get enough sleep.

What are some myths and misconceptions about alopecia?

There are different types of alopecia, such as alopecia areata, androgenic alopecia, and cicatricial alopecia. Alopecia can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, or ethnicity. However, there are also many myths and misconceptions about alopecia that can lead to confusion and stigma

Is there a dermatologist near me in Richmond that offers treatment for alopecia?

Yes. At our Richmond dermatology office we offer treatment for alopecia to patients from Richmond and the surrounding area. Contact our office today to schedule an appointment.

Vitiligo

What is Vitiligo

A skin condition that affects pigmentation, vitiligo occurs when white patches develop anywhere on the skin. With vitiligo, melanocytes, the pigment-forming cells, are destroyed by the immune system, which makes skin loses its pigmentation. Usually, people develop vitiligo between the ages of 10 and 40, with the condition affecting both men and women.

What are the signs and symptoms of Vitiligo

The usual sign of vitiligo is areas without pigment that appear as white patches on the skin. Vitiligo can appear anywhere on the body, but it usually develops first on areas of the body that are exposed to the sun.

What are the causes of Vitiligo

When melanin, the dark pigment in the epidermis that gives your skin its normal color, is damaged, missing or not produced, the involved patch of skin stays white. If vitiligo occurs in more than one location, white patches develop in these areas as well. Exactly why vitiligo develops is unclear, but it appears to have a hereditary component and may have something to do with the immune system.

What treatments are available at the dermatologist for Vitiligo

Dermatologists offer various treatments for vitiligo, a skin condition characterized by the loss of pigment in certain areas of the skin. The choice of treatment depends on the extent and location of the vitiligo, as well as individual preferences and response to therapy. It’s important to note that while some treatments may help restore skin color, they may not provide a permanent cure, and the results can vary from person to person.

What are some myths and misconceptions about Vitiligo?

Vitiligo is a skin condition that causes white patches on the skin due to the loss of pigment cells. Some common myths and misconceptions about vitiligo are:

Vitiligo is caused by diet, sun damage, skin bleaching, or skin diseases like skin cancer, leprosy, or albinism.
Vitiligo is contagious and can spread through contact, saliva, or intercourse.
Vitiligo only affects dark-skinned people or people with mixed-race parents.
Vitiligo is 100% curable or incurable.

FAQ About Vitiligo

Can vitiligo be cured?

There is no cure for vitiligo, but the symptoms can be managed with treatment. The goal of treatment is to restore color to the affected areas of skin.

Can vitiligo lead to other health problems?

In some cases, vitiligo can lead to eye problems such as uveitis or alopecia.

Is there a dermatologist near me in Richmond that offers treatment for vitiligo?

Yes. At our Richmond dermatology office we offer treatment for vitiligo to patients from Richmond and the surrounding area. Contact our office today to schedule an appointment.

Scabies

What are Scabies?

Scabies is a highly contagious skin condition caused by a mite called Sarcoptes scabiei. The mite burrows into the skin and lays its eggs, leading to intense itching and skin rashes. The itching and rashes are a result of an allergic reaction to the mites and their waste products.

What causes Scabies?

Scabies is caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. The mite burrows into the skin and lays its eggs, causing an allergic reaction and intense itching. Scabies is highly contagious and can be spread through direct skin-to-skin contact, as well as through contact with infested clothing, bedding, and towels.

What treatments are available for Scabies?

Treatment for scabies typically involves prescription medications to kill the mites. The most commonly used medications for scabies are:

Permethrin cream: This topical medication is applied to the entire body from the neck down and left on for 8-14 hours before being washed off.
Ivermectin pills: This oral medication is taken as a single dose, and is effective in treating scabies in individuals with weakened immune systems.
Lindane lotion: This topical medication is used in some cases, but is not recommended as a first-line treatment due to potential toxic side effects.

In addition to treating the affected individual, all close contacts should also be treated to prevent re-infestation. After treatment, itching and skin rashes may persist for several weeks, but should eventually subside.

It is important to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment of scabies, as well as to rule out any other skin conditions that may mimic scabies. Over-the-counter treatments and home remedies are not recommended for scabies, as they are often not effective and can cause skin irritation.

FAQ About Scabies

How is scabies diagnosed?

A dermatologist can diagnose scabies by examining the skin and performing a skin scraping to look for mites, eggs, or mite feces.

Is scabies curable?

Yes, scabies is curable with proper treatment.

How long does it take for scabies to go away?

With proper treatment, scabies can go away within several days to several weeks. However, itching and skin rashes may persist for several weeks after treatment.

Can scabies be spread through bedding and clothing?

Yes, scabies can be spread through bedding, clothing, and towels, which is why it is important to wash these items in hot water and dry on a hot setting.

Is it safe to return to school or work after being treated for scabies?

Yes, it is safe to return to school or work after being treated for scabies, as long as all close contacts have also been treated.

Is there a dermatologist near me in Richmond that offers treatment for scabies?

Yes. At our Richmond dermatology office we offers treatment for scabies to patients from Richmond and the surrounding area. Contact our office today to schedule an appointment.

Scleroderma

What is Scleroderma?

Scleroderma is a rare and complex condition that causes hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues. It occurs due to overproduction of the protein called collagen in the skin tissues. Scleroderma is also known as systemic sclerosis (SS). It can affect many parts of the body, such as the skin, muscles, joints, lungs, heart, kidneys, digestive tract, and blood vessels. It can cause various symptoms and complications, depending on the type and severity of the disease.

What are the signs and symptoms of Scleroderma?

The common signs of scleroderma are:

Abnormally dark or light skin
Change in color of the fingers and toes from exposure to heat or cold
Hardening of the skin
Shiny hands and forearms
Small white lumps beneath the skin’s surface
Thickening of the skin
Tight facial skin
Ulcerations on the fingers or toes

What are the causes of Scleroderma?

When your body produces and accumulates an over abundance of collagen, scleroderma occurs. Doctors are not sure what causes this overproduction, but there appears to be a connection with the body’s immune system. Patients can develop localized scleroderma, which only affects the skin or systemic scleroderma, which impacts the skin and other organs, such as the gallbladder, heart, intestine, kidneys and lungs.

What are the different types of Scleroderma?

There are two main types of scleroderma: Localized and Systemic

Localized Scleroderma affects only the skin and nearby tissues, and sometimes the muscle below. It does not affect the internal organs. There are two types of localized scleroderma: morphea and linear. Morphea causes reddish patches of skin that thicken into firm oval-shaped areas. Linear scleroderma causes a single line or band of thickened, abnormally colored skin, usually on an arm, leg, or forehead. Systemic scleroderma affects the skin as well as the blood vessels and major organs, such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. It can cause inflammation, fibrosis, and atrophy of these tissues. There are two types of systemic scleroderma: limited and diffuse.

Limited Scleroderma mainly affects the skin of the fingers, hands, face, lower arms, and legs. It can also cause problems with the esophagus, lungs, and heart. Limited scleroderma is sometimes associated with a group of symptoms known as CREST syndrome, which stands for calcinosis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia. Diffuse scleroderma affects large areas of the skin and can involve any of the internal organs. It can cause rapid skin thickening and severe organ damage.

What treatments are available at the dermatologist for Scleroderma?

No treatment can cure scleroderma, but medication can help relieve the symptoms, prevent complications and slow down the progression of the disease. Treatment may include:

Blood pressure medications to help kidney and lung function
Drugs that suppress the immune system
Physical or occupational therapy
Surgical intervention

FAQ About Scleroderma

How is scleroderma diagnosed?

Scleroderma can be difficult to diagnose because it affects many areas of the body and has similar symptoms to other diseases. The diagnosis is based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests, skin biopsy, and imaging tests.

Who gets scleroderma?

Scleroderma is a rare disease that affects fewer than half a million people in the United States. Some factors that may increase the risk of developing scleroderma include:

Gender: women are more likely than men to get scleroderma.
Age: the most common age to develop scleroderma is between 35 and 50 years old.
Ethnicity: Choctaw Native Americans and African Americans are more likely to be affected by scleroderma than other groups.
Family history: having a close relative with scleroderma may increase the chance of getting it

Is scleroderma contagious?

No, scleroderma is not contagious. It cannot be spread from one person to another by contact or exposure.

Is scleroderma hereditary?

Scleroderma is not inherited in a simple way, but it may have a genetic component. Some genes may make a person more susceptible to developing scleroderma, but they are not enough to cause the disease by themselves. Other factors, such as environmental triggers or infections, may also play a role in triggering scleroderma in genetically predisposed individuals.

Is there a dermatologist near me in Richmond that offers treatment for scleroderma?

Yes. At our Richmond dermatology office we offer treatment for scleroderma to patients from Richmond and the surrounding area. Contact our office today to schedule an appointment.

Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

What is Shingles (Herpes Zoster)?

Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. It results in a painful rash with blisters, typically on one side of the body, along a nerve pathway. Shingles can occur in people who have previously had chickenpox, as the virus can remain dormant in the nerve tissues for many years and reactivate later in life. Shingles is more common in older adults, people with weakened immune systems, and those who have had chickenpox at a young age. The condition can be treated with antiviral medications and pain management.

What are the causes of Shingles?

Shingles is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, which is the same virus that causes chickenpox. After a person has had chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in the nerve tissues, and later in life, the virus can reactivate and cause shingles.

Several factors can increase the risk of shingles, including:

Age: The risk of shingles increases with age, especially after the age of 50.
Weakened immune system: People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV or cancer, are more likely to develop shingles.
Chronic medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease, and chronic lung disease, can increase the risk of shingles.
Certain medications: Certain medications, such as corticosteroids, chemotherapy drugs, and immunosuppressants, can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of shingles.
Previous episode of shingles: A person who has had shingles in the past is at risk of developing it again.

What are the symptoms of Shingles?

The symptoms of shingles include:

Pain, burning, or tingling sensations on one side of the body
A rash or blisters on the same area of the body as the pain
Fever
Headache
Fatigue
Sensitivity to light.

It is important to see a doctor if you suspect you have shingles, as prompt treatment can help reduce the severity and duration of symptoms.

What treatments are available for Shingles?

Antiviral Medications: Our dermatologist can prescribe antiviral medications tailored to your specific needs. These medications are effective in reducing the severity and duration of shingles outbreaks while minimizing the risk of complications. Rest assured, we have the expertise to guide you through the appropriate treatment.
Pain Management: Shingles can be accompanied by intense pain. Our team can recommend or prescribe pain-relieving medications, including specialized options for nerve-related pain, to ensure your comfort during recovery.
Topical Solutions: For the skin manifestations of shingles, we may recommend topical creams or ointments containing corticosteroids to ease inflammation and itching.
Skin Care Guidance: Our dermatologist will provide tailored advice on the best skincare practices for the affected area to prevent complications, including bacterial infections.
Scar Minimization: In cases where shingles results in skin damage or ulceration, our dermatologists offer solutions to minimize scarring and promote optimal healing.

Your Partner in Shingles Care:

It’s important to note that while our dermatologists specialize in the skin-related aspects of shingles, this condition can have broader implications. Depending on your specific case, we may collaborate with other specialists, such as ophthalmologists or neurologists, to ensure comprehensive care.

If you suspect you have shingles or are experiencing painful rash symptoms, we encourage you to contact our office promptly. Early diagnosis and expert care are essential for effective management and a smoother path to recovery.

How to Help Prevent Shingles?

The following steps can help prevent shingles:

Get the shingles vaccine: The shingles vaccine is the best way to prevent shingles and its complications.
Maintain a healthy immune system: Eat a balanced diet, get regular exercise, and get enough sleep to help maintain a strong immune system.
Manage stress: Chronic stress can weaken your immune system, making you more susceptible to shingles.
Avoid close contact with infected individuals: If someone has shingles, try to avoid close contact until the blisters have dried and crusted over.
Practice good hygiene: Wash your hands frequently, especially after touching someone with shingles or items contaminated with the virus.

Note: If you have already had shingles, getting vaccinated can still help prevent future outbreaks.

FAQ About Shingles

Who is at risk of getting shingles?

Anyone who has had chickenpox is at risk of developing shingles later in life, especially those over 50 years of age, immunocompromised individuals, and those with a weak immune system.

How is shingles diagnosed?

Shingles can be diagnosed by a healthcare provider based on the symptoms, medical history, and physical examination. A skin sample may also be taken to confirm the diagnosis.

Is shingles contagious?

Yes, shingles is contagious. However, it can only be spread to someone who has never had chickenpox or has not been vaccinated against it.

Can shingles recur?

It is possible for shingles to recur, but this is not common.

Can shingles cause long-term complications?

Yes, shingles can cause long-term complications such as postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), which is a form of chronic pain.

Is there a dermatologist near me in Richmond that offers treatment for shingles?

Yes. At our Richmond dermatology office we offers treatment for shingles to patients from Richmond and the surrounding area. Contact our office today to schedule an appointment.

Rosacea

What is Rosacea?

A chronic, inflammatory skin condition, rosacea affects more than 16 million Americans. Rosacea manifests itself as redness on the face that produces small, pus-filled bumps or pustules. Although rosacea is not contagious, some evidence suggests a genetic link to the condition.

Usually, most people first develop rosacea in their 30’s and then live with continuous cycles of flare-ups and dormancy. Without treatment, rosacea can have a negative impact on a person’s emotional, psychological and physical health.

rosacea-before-after-cosmetic-treatment-skin-disorders

What are the signs and symptoms of Rosacea?

Rosacea is a skin condition that causes redness and visible blood vessels in your face. It may also produce small, red, pus-filled bumps.

Some of the signs and symptoms of rosacea are:

Facial blushing or flushing that comes and goes
Visible veins on the nose and cheeks
Swollen bumps or pimples on the face
Burning or stinging sensation on the skin
Eye problems such as dryness, irritation, or redness
Enlarged nose due to excess tissue (rhinophyma)

What are the causes of Rosacea?

The exact cause of rosacea has not been identified, but the environment and genetics may play a role. If you have light skin, a family history of rosacea or experience frequent blushing, you may have an increased tendency toward developing rosacea. More women than men tend to have rosacea but men experience more severe symptoms.

Certain factors can aggravate rosacea by increasing blood flow including:

Harsh soaps or abrasive cleanser
Alcohol
Corticosteroids
Extremes in temperature
Exposure to sun
Hot baths and saunas
Medications that dilate blood vessels, including certain blood pressure medications
Spicy foods
Stress, anger or embarrassment
Very hot foods or beverages
Vigorous exercise

What treatments are available at the dermatologist for Rosacea?

There are different treatments available at the dermatologist for rosacea, depending on the type and severity of your condition. Some of the treatments are:

Topical drugs that reduce flushing, such as brimonidine (Mirvaso) and oxymetazoline (Rhofade). These drugs work by constricting blood vessels and need to be applied regularly.
Topical drugs that help control the pimples of rosacea, such as azelaic acid (Azelex, Finacea), metronidazole (Metrogel, Noritate, others) and ivermectin (Soolantra). These drugs may take several weeks to show noticeable improvements.
Oral antibiotics, such as doxycycline (Oracea, others), for moderate to severe rosacea with bumps and pimples. These drugs help reduce inflammation and infection.
Oral acne drug, such as isotretinoin (Amnesteem, Claravis, others), for severe rosacea that doesn’t respond to other therapies. This drug helps clear up acnelike lesions of rosacea, but it can cause serious side effects and birth defecte.
Laser therapy, such as pulsed dye laser (PDL) or intense pulsed light (IPL), for enlarged blood vessels and redness. These therapies use light energy to shrink the blood vessels and reduce the redness. They may cause temporary swelling and bruising.

Rosacea vs Acne

Rosacea usually affects people older than 30, while acne is more common in teenagers and young adults.
Rosacea only affects the face and eyes, while acne can also affect the chest, neck, back, and shoulders.
Rosacea does not cause blackheads or whiteheads, which are typical features of acne.
Rosacea is triggered by factors such as hot drinks, spicy foods, alcohol, temperature extremes, sunlight, wind, emotions, exercise, cosmetics, or certain medications. Acne is caused by clogged pores due to excess oil and dead skin cells.
Rosacea has no cure, but it can be treated with medications, laser therapies, and lifestyle changes. Acne can be treated with topical and oral medications, as well as skin care products.

woman-with-rosacea-face-dermatological-problems

FAQ About Rosacea

Who is at risk for rosacea?

Rosacea is most common in fair-skinned people of Northern European descent, and is more common in women than in men. However, anyone can develop rosacea. People with a family history of rosacea may be more likely to develop the condition. It usually appears after age 30 and it affects more women than men.

How is rosacea diagnosed?

A dermatologist can diagnose rosacea by examining the skin and asking about symptoms. There is no specific test for rosacea. The diagnosis is based on the presentation of the skin, and also the patients’ symptoms, history and triggers.

What are some triggers for rosacea?

Triggers for rosacea can include sun exposure, heat, stress, alcohol, and certain foods. Common food triggers include spicy foods, hot drinks, and alcohol. Certain skin care products and cosmetics can also irritate the skin and trigger a flare-up.

Can rosacea lead to other health problems?

In some cases, rosacea can lead to eye problems such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis. These eye problems can cause redness, itching, and burning of the eyes, and can lead to loss of vision if left untreated.

How can I prevent rosacea flare-ups?

To prevent rosacea flare-ups, it is important to avoid known triggers, protect the skin from the sun by using a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Avoiding alcohol and spicy foods, practicing good skincare routine, and managing stress can also help prevent flare-ups. Additionally, it’s important to see a dermatologist regularly to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as needed.

Is there a dermatologist near me in Richmond that offers treatment for rosacea?

Yes. At our Richmond dermatology office we offer treatment for rosacea to patients from Richmond and the surrounding area. Contact our office today to schedule an appointment.

Warts

What are Warts?

Warts are small, rough growths on the skin that are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. They can appear anywhere on the body and can have a flat or raised appearance. Warts are generally benign and are usually not a serious health concern, but they can be unsightly or painful in some cases. There are various treatments for warts, including over-the-counter creams, freezing therapy, and prescription medications. It’s important to consult a doctor for the best treatment options for your individual case.

What are the causes of Warts?

Warts are caused by infections with human papillomavirus (HPV), which are highly contagious. They are usually spread through direct contact with the skin of an infected person, or by coming into contact with a surface that has been contaminated with the virus. People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, are more susceptible to developing warts. Additionally, factors like skin injuries, cuts, and scrapes can increase the likelihood of developing warts, as they can provide an entry point for the virus.

What are the symptoms of Warts?

Warts typically appear as raised, flesh-colored growths on the skin that can be smooth or rough in texture. They can be flat or raised, and sometimes they have tiny black dots on the surface, which are small blood vessels. Warts can appear anywhere on the body and may be itchy, painful, or bleed. The symptoms and appearance of warts can vary depending on the type of HPV that caused the infection and the location of the wart. Common wart types include plantar warts (on the feet), flat warts (on the face), and genital warts. It’s important to have any unusual growths on the skin evaluated by a doctor to determine if they are warts or a different condition.

What treatments are available for Warts?

There are several treatment options available for warts, including:

Over-the-counter topical treatments: These include creams and gels that contain salicylic acid, which can be applied directly to the wart.
Cryotherapy: This involves freezing the wart with liquid nitrogen, causing it to blister and eventually fall off.
Surgical removal: This involves cutting or burning off the wart, which can be performed by a dermatologist or doctor.
Cantharidin: This is a chemical that is applied to the wart to cause a blister, after which the wart can be removed.
Electrosurgery: This involves using an electrical current to burn off the wart.
Laser therapy: This involves using a laser to destroy the wart.

How to Help Prevent Warts

Here are some steps you can take to help prevent warts:

Wash your hands frequently: This will help reduce the spread of the human papillomavirus (HPV) which is the virus that causes warts.
Keep your skin clean and dry: Warts thrive in moist environments, so keeping your skin clean and dry can help prevent the growth of warts.
Don’t bite your nails: Biting your nails can cause tiny cuts in your skin, which can provide an entry point for the virus that causes warts.
Avoid sharing personal items: Don’t share towels, razors, or other personal items with others, as these items may be contaminated with the virus.
Wear protective footwear: Wear protective footwear, such as sandals or flip flops, in public areas such as locker rooms or swimming pools, where you may come into contact with the virus.
Avoid touching warts: If you see a wart on someone else, avoid touching it, as the virus can be transmitted from person to person.

It’s important to keep in mind that warts can be easily spread, so it’s important to take precautions to help prevent their spread. If you already have warts, it’s important to avoid touching them, as this can spread the virus to other parts of your body or to others.

FAQ About Warts

Can warts be spread from person to person?

Yes, warts can be spread from person to person through direct contact or through contact with contaminated items such as towels or razors.

Can warts be painful?

Warts are typically not painful, but they may become uncomfortable or irritated if they are located in an area that rubs against clothing or footwear.

Can warts go away on their own?

Warts can sometimes go away on their own, but it can take several months to several years for this to happen.

Are warts contagious?

Yes, warts are contagious and can be spread from person to person through direct contact or through contaminated items.

Can warts reoccur?

Yes, warts can reoccur after they have been treated, especially if the person’s immune system is weakened.

Is there a dermatologist near me in Richmond that offers treatment for warts?

Yes. At our Richmond dermatology office we offer treatment for warts to patients from Richmond and the surrounding area. Contact our office today to schedule an appointment.

Psoriasis

What is Psoriasis?

An estimated 7.5 million Americans suffer with psoriasis, a non-contagious, chronic skin condition. Often identified by patches of red, scaly skin, psoriasis occurs when the immune system sends out incorrect signals that cause skin cells to grow too quickly. With psoriasis, cells build up on the top layer of skin, creating patches of itchy, dry skin. The most common locations for psoriasis are on the elbows, knees, or trunk, but it can develop anywhere on the body.

Psoriasis is thought to be an autoimmune disease, which arises from an overactive response by the body towards substances and tissues normally present in the body. In the case of psoriasis, white blood cells, called T cells, attack healthy skin as if to fight off infection or heal a wound. Instead of new cells moving to the outermost layer of skin in a normal manner, they develop more rapidly. The dead skin can’t slough off fast enough to keep up, so thick, scaly areas form on the skin’s surface.

Usually, the first occurrence of psoriasis happens sometime between ages 15 to 35. However, approximately 20,000 children under age 10 also live with psoriasis. Although psoriasis seems to have a genetic component, not everyone with that gene develops the disease.

What are the signs and symptoms of Psoriasis?

Each case differs based on the individual, but people with psoriasis often experience at least one of the following symptoms:

Burning, itching, or soreness
Cracked, dry skin that can bleed
Patches of red skin with silvery scales
Pitted, ridged, or thickened nails
Stiff, swollen joints

If you think that you could have psoriasis, contact your doctor and schedule a complete exam.

Triggers
Because psoriasis is chronic, anyone with the condition will live with a cycle of flare-ups and remissions over a lifetime. Typically, patients with psoriasis may develop initial symptoms or experience flare ups because of various triggers, including

Certain medications
Cuts, scrapes, burns, or other damage to the skin
Diet
Excessive alcohol use
Other infections such as strep throat
Smoking
Stress
Weather

What are the different types of Psoriasis?

There are six main types of psoriasis:

1) Plaque Psoriasis (Psoriasis Vulgaris)
About 80 percent of people diagnosed with the disease have plaque psoriasis, or psoriasis vulgaris. Plaque psoriasis often appears as on the elbows, knees, and lower trunk in the form of raised, red lesions topped with silvery scales.

2) Guttate Psoriasis
Usually found on the limbs or trunk, guttate psoriasis primarily appears in patients younger than age 30. Guttate psoriasis presents as small, water-drop-shaped sores and can occur because of an illness or injury to the skin.

3) Inverse Psoriasis
With inverse psoriasis, patients develop smooth, shiny lesions that are bright red in color. Most often seen in people who are overweight, inverse psoriasis strikes the armpits, around the genitals, near the groin, and under the breasts.

4) Pustular Psoriasis
When you have pustular psoriasis, white blisters filled with pus and surrounded by red skin will appear either in localized areas or all over your body. Because the pus is made of white blood cells, it is not contagious. Certain things can trigger pustular psoriasis, such as irritating topical treatments, infections, overexposure to ultraviolet radiation, and stress.

5) Erythrodermic Psoriasis
Characterized by a fiery red rash coupled with extreme burning or itching, erythrodermic psoriasis is the least common kind of psoriasis. Triggers for erythrodermic psoriasis include severe sunburn, corticosteroids, other medications, or another type of psoriasis that has flared up.

6) Psoriatic Arthritis
In addition to causing pitted, discolored nails, psoriatic arthritis also presents with the swollen, painful joints that often accompany arthritis. Usually psoriatic arthritis isn’t as crippling as other forms of arthritis, but it can cause stiffness and progressive joint damage.

What treatments are available at the dermatologist for Psoriasis?

Currently, no cure exists for psoriasis. Treatments are designed to minimize discomfort and encourage healing. When determining the best treatment, your doctor will take into account the severity of the psoriasis. Mild to moderate psoriasis covers 3 to 10 percent of your body, while psoriasis is considered moderate to severe when it covers more than 10 percent.

Treating Mild to Moderate Psoriasis
If you have mild to moderate psoriasis, your doctor will likely recommend a combination of over-the-counter medications, prescription topical treatments, and light therapy/phototherapy.

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications
The two active ingredients in over-the-counter medications approved by the FDA for psoriasis are coal tar, which inhibits the quick overgrowth of cells, and salicylic acid, which makes the outer layer of skin shed. Other OTC treatments may help, like:

Scale lifters to loosen and eliminate scales so that medicine can penetrate the sores
Bath solutions, such as Epsom salts, Dead Sea salts, or oilated oatmeal, that reduce itching and remove scaling
Occlusion, which covers the areas treated with topical treatments applications, to improve absorption and effectiveness
Anti-itch products like calamine lotion or hydrocortisone creams
Moisturizers to keep skin hydrated, reduce symptoms, and encourage healing

Prescription Topicals
Designed to inhibit the overgrowth of cells and lessen inflammation, prescription topicals include:

Anthralin, which reduces the skin cell growth related to plaque
Calcipotriene will flattens lesions, removes scales, and slow cell growth. Often used in treatment of psoriasis on the scalp and nails.
Calcipotriene and Betamethasone Dipropionate. By combining Calcipotriene with betamethasone dipropionate, this treatment addresses the itch and inflammation common to psoriasis as well as flattening lesions, removing scales, and minimizing cell growth.
Calcitriol, an active form of vitamin D3, helps limit extraneous skin cell production
Tazarotene, a topical retinoid that slows down cell growth
Topical steroids are the most commonly used medications for psoriasis, and they work by reducing inflammation, swelling, and redness

Phototherapy (light therapy)
Exposure to ultraviolet light can provide relief from psoriasis. With careful monitoring, the UVA and UVB rays from the sun can reduce symptoms. Excimer lasers treat specific areas affected by psoriasis, while pulse dye lasers provide not only targeted treatment, but also destroy the blood vessels that promote the development of psoriasis.

Treating Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
For patients with moderate to severe psoriasis, treatment involves prescription medications, biologics and phototherapy (light therapy).

Prescription Medications
Based on the location, severity, and type of psoriasis, your doctor will prescribe an oral medication, such as acitretin, cyclosporine and methotrexate.

How does psoriasis affect your nails, eyes, and joints?

Nails: Psoriasis can cause changes in the appearance and structure of the nails, such as pitting, discoloration, thickening, loosening, or crumbling. These changes can affect the function and comfort of the nails, as well as the self-esteem of the person with psoriasis.
Eyes: Psoriasis can cause inflammation in the eyes, leading to a condition called uveitis. Uveitis can cause symptoms such as eye pain, redness, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, or floaters. If left untreated, uveitis can damage the eye and impair vision.
Joints: Psoriasis can cause inflammation in the joints, resulting in a type of arthritis called psoriatic arthritis. Psoriatic arthritis can cause symptoms such as joint pain, stiffness, swelling, reduced range of motion, or deformity. Psoriatic arthritis can affect any joint in the body, but it is more common in the fingers, toes, spine, and pelvis. Psoriatic arthritis can also affect the tendons and ligaments that attach to the bones.

FAQ About Psoriasis

Can psoriasis affect other parts of the body besides the skin?

Psoriasis can affect other parts of the body besides the skin, such as the nails, scalp and joints. In some cases, it may also be associated with other conditions such as psoriatic arthritis.

Can certain foods trigger psoriasis?

Certain foods, such as processed foods, alcohol, and gluten-containing foods, may trigger psoriasis in some individuals. It’s important for people with psoriasis to work with a dermatologist or a dietitian to identify any specific food triggers and to develop a diet plan that works best for them.

When should I see a dermatologist for psoriasis?

If you have symptoms of psoriasis, such as red, scaly patches on the skin, it’s important to see a dermatologist for proper diagnosis and treatment. A dermatologist can also help to develop an individualized treatment plan and provide guidance on how to manage the condition. If your symptoms persist or worsen, you should also consult with a dermatologist.

Is there a dermatologist near me in Richmond that offers treatment for psoriasis?

Yes. At our Richmond dermatology office we offer treatment for psoriasis to patients from Richmond and the surrounding area. Contact our office today to schedule an appointment.

Molluscum Contagiosum

What is Molluscum Contagiosum?

Most often seen in children, molluscum contagiosum is a common viral infection. This virus affects the outer layer of skin and does not usually move through the body. The firm, skin-colored bumps that develop from molluscum contagiosum usually disappear within a year on their own but doctors often recommend treatment to keep the virus from spreading. Molluscum contagiosum can appear in adults and, if it involves the genitals in the adult cases, it is considered a sexually transmitted disease. People with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to the virus as well.

What are the signs and symptoms of Molluscum Contagiosum?

Generally, molluscum contagiosum produces little white, pink or flesh-colored bumps that have a dimple or pit in the center. In most people, the growths range in size from about two to five millimeters in diameter. Molluscum contagiosum often appears on the face, neck, abdomen, arms, legs, or genitalia.

What are the causes of Molluscum Contagiosum?

The molluscum contagiosum virus, a member of the poxvirus family, enters your skin through hair follicles, pores, or abrasions on the skin’s surface. Highly contagious, the virus spreads by person-to-person contact, sexual contact with an infected partner, or through contact with contaminated objects like toys, door knobs, or faucets. Scratching, rubbing and shaving the papules can spread the virus to other areas of skin.

What treatments are available at the dermatologist for Molluscum Contagiosum?

Your doctor will need to destroy the infection-causing cores inside the papules. Once this core is destroyed, the infection will heal. Several methods can be utilized to eliminate these cores:

Chemical agents to remove the infected skin
Cryotherapy to freeze the areas and kill the infection
Curette, scalpel, or other cutting device to surgically remove them
Lasers to destroy the infected cells

FAQ About Molluscum Contagiosum

Is molluscum contagiosum contagious?

Yes, molluscum contagiosum is contagious until all the bumps have gone away. The virus can be spread from one part of the body to another or from one person to another through direct contact with the bumps or objects that have touched them.

Is molluscum contagiosum dangerous?

No, molluscum contagiosum is not dangerous in most cases. It is a mild and harmless infection that does not cause serious complications. However, it can cause discomfort, embarrassment, or anxiety for some people. It can also interfere with sexual pleasure or intimacy. In rare cases, it can cause secondary infections, eye problems, or widespread lesions in people with weakened immune systems.

Can molluscum contagiosum recur?

Yes, molluscum contagiosum can recur if a person is exposed to the virus again. The infection does not provide immunity against future infections. Therefore, it is possible to get molluscum contagiosum more than once in a lifetime.

Is there a dermatologist near me in Richmond that offers treatment for molluscum contagiosum?

Yes. At our Richmond dermatology office we offer treatment for molluscum contagiosum to patients from Richmond and the surrounding area. Contact our office today to schedule an appointment.

Melasma

What is Melasma?

Commonly identified as a “mask of pregnancy,” melasma is the darkening of skin on the face. Usually melasma appears as patches of brown, tan or blue-gray discolorations. Although anyone can develop melasma, this condition most frequently affects pregnant women, those taking certain hormones or oral contraceptives. Sun exposure and genetics can also play a part in melasma. People with darker skin tones, like anyone with a Latin, Asian, Indian, Middle Eastern, Mediterranean or North African ancestry tend to be more prone to melasma.

What are the signs and symptoms of Melasma?

Melasma is a skin condition that causes dark, discolored patches on the face or other areas of the body that are exposed to the sun. The patches are usually symmetrical and have irregular borders. Melasma does not cause any physical symptoms, such as pain or itching, but it may affect a person’s appearance and self-esteem. Some possible causes of melasma are hormonal changes, sun exposure, stress, and thyroid disease. Melasma may fade on its own or with treatment, such as sunscreen, skin lightening creams, or other procedures.

What are the causes of Melasma?

Experts have yet to determine the exact cause of melasma, but they believe that certain factors can trigger the condition. Pregnancy, birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, progesterone, heredity, race and medications can make the skin more prone to pigmentation after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) lights. Over exposure to the sun is the leading contributor to the development of melasma. Also, products that cause irritation to the skin may speed up melanin production and lead to an increased risk for melasma.

What treatments are available at the dermatologist for Melasma?

The most effective therapy for melasma combines sunscreen, bleaching and time. Without an all encompassing layer of sunscreen on the face, no treatment will succeed. Use sunscreen of at least 30 SPF, a light cover-up of make-up and a wide brimmed hat. For bleaching, the applications will include two or four percent hydroquinone-containing creams or gels and a three percent hydroquinone solution. Treatment can take up to two months to start working and up to six months for the complete process. There are also certain fractional laser systems that can help improve melasma. Often, melasma will start clearing up after childbirth or once oral contraceptive use has stopped.

Laser treatment for melasma

dermatologist-with-patient-with-hands-on-face

FAQ About Melasma

Are there different types of Melasma?

There are three main types of melasma: epidermal, dermal, and mixed, depending on where in the skin the pigmentation occurs. Epidermal melasma is the most common and is characterized by pigmentation that occurs in the uppermost layer of the skin. Dermal melasma is characterized by pigmentation that occurs in the deeper layers of the skin, and mixed melasma is a combination of the two.

How is Melasma diagnosed?

Melasma is typically diagnosed by a dermatologist, who will examine the skin and ask about the patient’s symptoms and medical history. A skin biopsy may be done in some cases to rule out other skin conditions.

Can Melasma be cured?

Melasma is a chronic condition, and while it can be treated, it may not be fully cured. It’s important to work closely with a dermatologist to develop an individualized treatment plan, and to maintain sun protection to prevent recurrence of the pigmentation.

Is there a dermatologist near me in Richmond that offers treatment for Melasma?

Yes. At our Richmond dermatology office we offer treatment for Melasma to patients from Richmond and the surrounding area. Contact our office today to schedule an appointment.

Keratosis Pilaris

What is Keratosis Pilaris

Keratosis pilaris, a common skin condition, causes small, goosebump-like spots on the back of the arms, buttocks and thighs. Also referred to as follicular keratosis, keratosis pilaris can occur at any age and does not cause any serious issues. Sometimes, keratosis pilaris clears up on its own and other times it becomes a chronic problem, so the condition can be difficult to treat.

What are the signs and symptoms of Keratosis Pilaris

The following signs may indicate keratosis pilaris:

Small, acne-like bumps
Rough, dry patches
Redness and inflammation near the bumps
Itchiness in some cases

What are the causes of Keratosis Pilaris

When keratin, the hard protein that protects skin from harmful substances and infection, builds up, a scaly plug develops and blocks the opening of the hair follicle. Usually, many plugs form, which creates the rough patch of skin, also known as keratosis pilaris. Genetics and a propensity toward other skin conditions like eczema, may increase chances of keratosis pilaris, but it can occur in otherwise healthy individuals.

What treatments are available at the dermatologist for Keratosis Pilaris

Keeping the affected area moist and avoiding harsh soaps will help control symptoms of keratosis pilaris. The dermatologist may recommend these treatments as well:

Medicated lotions or creams with 12 percent ammonium lactate to soften skin
Urea to help loosen and remove dead skin cells
Corticosteroids for temporary relief of symptoms
Topical retinoids that increase cell turnover, reducing the incidence of plugged follicles

What are the complications and risks of Keratosis Pilaris?

The main complications and risks of Keratosis Pilaris are:

Atrophy: This is a rare complication that occurs when the skin becomes thin and fragile due to excessive use of topical steroids or other medications. It can lead to increased sensitivity, bruising, and infection of the skin.
Scarring: This can happen if the bumps are scratched, picked, or inflamed. Scarring can cause permanent changes in the skin texture and color, and may also result in hair loss.

FAQ About Keratosis Pilaris

Is Keratosis Pilaris contagious?

KP is not contagious and cannot be spread through contact with another person.

Can Keratosis Pilaris be cured?

There is no cure for KP, but with appropriate treatment and management, symptoms can be controlled and the appearance of the skin can be improved. It is important to work closely with a dermatologist to develop an individualized treatment plan.

Can Keratosis Pilaris be a sign of other health conditions?

In some cases, KP may be associated with other conditions such as ichthyosis vulgaris, eczema, or atopic dermatitis, so it’s important to consult a dermatologist if you have KP symptoms.

Is there a dermatologist near me in Richmond that offers treatment for Keratosis Pilaris?

Yes. At our Richmond dermatology office we offer treatment for Keratosis Pilaris to patients from Richmond and the surrounding area. Contact our office today to schedule an appointment.

Hives (Urticaria)

What are Hives?

Hives are raised red bumps (welts) or splotches on the skin that are usually very itchy. They are a type of swelling on the surface of your skin that happen when your body has an allergic reaction to something.

What are the signs and symptoms of Hives?

Individual hives can take from 30 minutes to 36 hours to disappear. Chronic hives, referred to as urticaria, last longer than six weeks to go away, but frequently reoccur. If swelling occurs below the surface of the skin, a condition called angioedema, you should seek medical attention because angioedema can affect the internal organs.

Signs of hives include:

Developing in batches
Often raised
Small, round rings or large patches with a red flare
Usually itch

What are the causes of Hives?

Hives develop when mast cells release histamine and other chemicals into your bloodstream, causing small blood vessels to leak. Generally, hives are an allergic reaction to a food, animal or medication. Sun exposure, stress, excessive perspiration and other more serious conditions, like lupus, can bring on hives.

What treatments are available at the dermatologist for Hives?

Our dermatologist may recommend various treatments and strategies to help manage and alleviate hives, depending on the severity and underlying causes.

Here are some common treatments available at the dermatologist’s office:

Antihistamines: Non-prescription (over-the-counter) antihistamines like cetirizine (Zyrtec), loratadine (Claritin), or fexofenadine (Allegra) can help relieve itching and reduce the severity of hives. Dermatologists may also prescribe stronger prescription antihistamines.
Corticosteroids: Topical corticosteroid creams or ointments can be applied directly to the affected skin to reduce inflammation and itching. Oral corticosteroids may be prescribed for severe cases of hives or when topical treatments are not effective.
Epinephrine (EpiPen): In rare cases of severe hives accompanied by anaphylaxis or difficulty breathing, an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) may be prescribed to quickly relieve symptoms.
Immune-suppressing medications: For chronic or severe cases of hives that do not respond to other treatments, dermatologists may prescribe medications that suppress the immune system, such as cyclosporine or omalizumab (Xolair).
Triggers identification and avoidance: Dermatologists may work with patients to identify and avoid triggers that can exacerbate hives. Common triggers include certain foods, medications, insect stings, physical stimuli (like heat, cold, or pressure), and stress.
Physical therapies: For certain types of hives, such as cold urticaria or pressure urticaria, dermatologists may recommend physical therapies like cold packs or pressure-reducing strategies to manage symptoms.
Allergy testing: If an allergic trigger is suspected, allergen testing may be conducted to identify specific allergens responsible for hives. This can help with avoidance strategies.

FAQ About Hives

Are hives contagious?

Hives are not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person through direct contact.

How long do hives last?

Hives can last anywhere from a few minutes to several days or even weeks. They can be chronic, or recurring, in some cases.

Can hives lead to more serious conditions?

In some cases, hives can be a symptom of a more serious allergic reaction, such as anaphylaxis. If hives are accompanied by difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or a rapid heartbeat, it is important to seek immediate medical attention.

Is there a dermatologist near me in Richmond that offers treatment for hives?

Yes. At our Richmond dermatology office we offer treatment for hives to patients from Richmond and the surrounding area. Contact our office today to schedule an appointment.